Razavi University of Islamic Sciences Islamic Philosophical Doctrines 2251-9386 Articles in Press 2025 12 21 Criticism of Gholamreza Fayyazi's criticisms of the rule "the soul is in the unity of all the powers" in the opinion of Mulla Sadra Criticism of Gholamreza Fayyazi's criticisms of the rule "the soul is in the unity of all the powers" in the opinion of Mulla Sadra 2182 10.30513/ipd.2026.7644.1665 FA Mahmud Saidiy Associate Professor, Shahed University Seyed Mohammad Musawy Associate Professor, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences Journal Article 2025 10 20 Psychology is one of the most important topics of transcendental wisdom, which is discussed under the topics of the fourth book of the Four Books. One of the most important rules of Sadra'i psychology is the rule "the soul in its unity of all the four powers", which was raised in view of the union of matter and form, the movement of essence, and the physicality of the existence of the rational soul. Although Mulla Sadra considers this rule to be obvious, he also provided arguments to explain and prove it from the perspective of the known and known. He stated that the rational soul perceives the perceptions and information of all powers and is the agent of the movement of all material powers. Gholamreza Fayyazi raised criticisms of this rule and its arguments, the most important of which is the lack of union between the rational soul and the vegetative powers, as well as the necessity of the union of opposites if one believes in this rule. In the present study, it was proven that all these criticisms are due to the lack of attention to the foundations of Sadra and the contents of this rule. Because this rule has two meanings in Sadra'i wisdom; That the rational soul, in its essence, possesses the perfections of all the inferior powers in a way of unity and simplicity, and that the various animal and plant powers are the lower levels of the reality of the rational soul. Psychology is one of the most important topics of transcendental wisdom, which is discussed under the topics of the fourth book of the Four Books. One of the most important rules of Sadra'i psychology is the rule "the soul in its unity of all the four powers", which was raised in view of the union of matter and form, the movement of essence, and the physicality of the existence of the rational soul. Although Mulla Sadra considers this rule to be obvious, he also provided arguments to explain and prove it from the perspective of the known and known. He stated that the rational soul perceives the perceptions and information of all powers and is the agent of the movement of all material powers. Gholamreza Fayyazi raised criticisms of this rule and its arguments, the most important of which is the lack of union between the rational soul and the vegetative powers, as well as the necessity of the union of opposites if one believes in this rule. In the present study, it was proven that all these criticisms are due to the lack of attention to the foundations of Sadra and the contents of this rule. Because this rule has two meanings in Sadra'i wisdom; That the rational soul, in its essence, possesses the perfections of all the inferior powers in a way of unity and simplicity, and that the various animal and plant powers are the lower levels of the reality of the rational soul. https://ipd.razavi.ac.ir/article_2182_319ab8bc9edf522b7c8ec855f6d13601.pdf