Islamic Philosophical Doctrines

Psychology is one of the most important topics of transcendental wisdom, which is discussed under the topics of the fourth book of the Four Books. One of the most important rules of ... Read More

Criticism of the position of theoretical reason in religious knowledge from the perspective of Sadr al-Din Qonavi

Mahmud Saidiy; Muhammad Reza Farahmand Kia

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 December 2025

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2025.7726.1670

Abstract

How to use theoretical reason in understanding religious knowledge is one of the most important issues raised among Muslim thinkers. Sadr al-Din Qunavi is one of the greatest Muslim ... Read More

A Critical Assessment of Gholamreza Fayyāḍī’s Critiques of Avicenna’s Arguments for the Immateriality of the Rational Soul

Mahmoud Saidi; Mohammadreza Farahmadkia

Volume 20, Issue 36 , June 2025, , Pages 261-284

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2025.7488.1647

Abstract

In Islamic philosophy, the discussion of the immateriality of the soul (Tajarrud al-Nafs) constitutes one of the most fundamental and complex topics in philosophical anthropology, which ... Read More In Islamic philosophy, the discussion of the immateriality of the soul (Tajarrud al-Nafs) constitutes one of the most fundamental and complex topics in philosophical anthropology, which has consistently engaged the attention of Muslim philosophers. Thinkers such as Avicenna, adducing various proofs, sought to demonstrate the immateriality of the soul. However, in the contemporary era, certain scholars—including Ayatollah Fayyāḍī—have undertaken a critical re-examination of these proofs, scrutinizing their foundations and premises and casting doubt upon their validity and completeness. Adopting an analytical-critical approach, the present research investigates the most significant critiques advanced by Fayyāḍī concerning Avicenna’s arguments for the soul’s immateriality. Among these critiques are the following: doubt concerning the indivisibility of intelligible forms, denial of the necessary connection between immateriality and indivisibility, challenge to the self-evidence of the distinction between degrees of perceptual intensity, rejection of the existential distinction between sensory and intellectual faculties based on the criterion of immateriality, dismissal of the “Flying Man” argument as unreal, objection to the manner in which cognitive forms are individuated given their attribution to a particular subject, and finally, denial of the correlation between immateriality and unity on the one hand and materiality and multiplicity on the other. The findings of this research indicate that most of these critiques suffer from serious logical and epistemological flaws and lack the demonstrative force to refute Avicenna’s cogent proofs for the immateriality of the soul. Consequently, the final analysis of this study emphasizes that the classical arguments of Islamic philosophy concerning the soul’s immateriality, despite certain challenges, retain their requisite coherence and demonstrative strength, and Fayyāḍī’s critiques lack the logical sufficiency to invalidate them.

Review and Analysis of Sheikh Aḥmad Aḥsā'ī's Criticisms of the Sidiqin Argument in Ṣadrā’s Philosophy

Mahmoud Saidiy; Mostafa Esfandiari; Mohammad-Moein Esfandiari

Volume 19, Issue 34 , June 2024, , Pages 221-238

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2025.6541.1566

Abstract

In his Sidiqin argument, Mullā Ṣadrā proves the existence of God based on the external reality and the idea of the gradation (tashkīk) of existence. Sheikh Aḥmad Aḥsā'ī raises ... Read More

A Comparative Study of Beauty and its Relation to Pleasure and Goodness in the Philosophy of Plotinus and Avicenna

Muḥammūd Ṣeydiī; Ḥusayn Zamānīhā

Volume 18, Issue 32 , June 2023, , Pages 195-214

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2024.5723.1489

Abstract

The truth and nature of beauty, as a secondary intelligible (Arabic: مَعْقولُ الْثَّانی, romanized: maʿqūl al-thānī), have become a topic of discussion among philosophers. ... Read More

A Criticism on Fakhr Rāzī’s Theory in Proof of Void (Arabic: خلأ)

Mahmoud Seydi; Muhammad Reza Farahmandkia

Volume 17, Issue 30 , June 2022, , Pages 191-206

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2023.3985.1337

Abstract

One of the old issues among philosophers is the existence or non-existence of Void (Arabic: خلأ). Muslim philosophers, who mainly following Aristotle, considered the theory of void ... Read More

The Essence or Existential Challenge of the Will of God from Imam Reza’s Viewpoint according to Mulla Sadra’s Philosophical Interpretation with Criticism of Allameh Tabataba'i’s Theory

Asmaa Ahmadi; Mahmoud Saidi

Volume 14, Issue 25 , December 2020, , Pages 67-84

Abstract

One of the most important issues in the Shi'ite theological foundations is divine attributes which is mentioned in various Qur'anic verses with different names and attributes. According ... Read More

Volume 20 (2025)

Volume 19 (2024)

Volume 18 (2023)

Volume 17 (2022)

Volume 16 (2021)

Volume 15 (2020)

Volume 14 (2019)

Volume 13 (2018)

Volume 12 (2017)

Volume 11 (2016)

Volume 10 (2015)

Volume 9 (2014)

Volume 8 (2013)

Volume 7 (2012)

Volume 6 (2011)

Volume 5 (2010)

Volume 4 (2009)

Volume 3 (2008)

Volume 2 (2007)

Volume 1 (2006)

Author = Seydi, Mahmoud

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