Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophical Studies, Research Institute for Women and Family Studies, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran.
One of the topics pertaining to causality is addressing the criterion for an effect's (ma'lūl) need for a cause. Determining what makes an effect an effect in reality and truth, and by what means the effect-hood (ma'lūliyyat) of things can be ascertained, is an issue that has been addressed in Islamic philosophy and in the scriptural texts (Qur'anic verses and hadiths). In this research, employing a descriptive-analytical method and by dividing the criterion for effect-hood into ontological and epistemological criteria, the views of Muslim philosophers concerning the ontological criterion for effect-hood are first expounded. Subsequently, the epistemological criteria for effect-hood in Islamic philosophy are extracted. Following this, by extracting the ontological and epistemological criteria for effect-hood from the Qur'anic verses and hadiths, these criteria are analyzed and compared with those presented in Islamic philosophy. The conclusion reached is that regarding the epistemological criteria for effect-hood, there is agreement and compatibility between the viewpoint of the philosophers and the scriptural texts. However, concerning some ontological criteria, an apparent conflict is observed between the philosophers' viewpoint and the apparent meaning of some religious texts, for which solutions are proposed to resolve this conflict.
Parsaee, J. (2024). Ontological and Epistemological Criteria of Effect-Hood in Islamic Philosophy and in Scriptural Texts (Quranic Verses and Hadiths). Islamic Philosophical Doctrines, 19(35), 195-218. doi: 10.30513/ipd.2025.6891.1601
MLA
Parsaee, J. . "Ontological and Epistemological Criteria of Effect-Hood in Islamic Philosophy and in Scriptural Texts (Quranic Verses and Hadiths)", Islamic Philosophical Doctrines, 19, 35, 2024, 195-218. doi: 10.30513/ipd.2025.6891.1601
HARVARD
Parsaee, J. (2024). 'Ontological and Epistemological Criteria of Effect-Hood in Islamic Philosophy and in Scriptural Texts (Quranic Verses and Hadiths)', Islamic Philosophical Doctrines, 19(35), pp. 195-218. doi: 10.30513/ipd.2025.6891.1601
CHICAGO
J. Parsaee, "Ontological and Epistemological Criteria of Effect-Hood in Islamic Philosophy and in Scriptural Texts (Quranic Verses and Hadiths)," Islamic Philosophical Doctrines, 19 35 (2024): 195-218, doi: 10.30513/ipd.2025.6891.1601
VANCOUVER
Parsaee, J. Ontological and Epistemological Criteria of Effect-Hood in Islamic Philosophy and in Scriptural Texts (Quranic Verses and Hadiths). Islamic Philosophical Doctrines, 2024; 19(35): 195-218. doi: 10.30513/ipd.2025.6891.1601
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