The Theory of the Spectral Human: On the Quality of the Abstraction of the Diversity of Human Beings from the The Primacy of Existence and the Gradation of Existence

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research

Authors

1 Postgraduate , Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies of Shahid Motahari , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

2 assistant professor, Department of Islamic Knowledge, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies of Shahid Motahari, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

According to the principles of the primacy of existence (asālat al-wujūd) and the gradation of existence (tashkīk al-wujūd), the reality of the human being is not confined to rigid and predetermined philosophical-logical definitions. In the framework of Transcendent Philosophy (ḥikmat-e mota‘āliya), the human is conceived as a spectrum-based and probabilistic being who, in the course of existential development, possesses the capacity to actualize all latent faculties and potential dimensions of existence. The human being, situated within diverse existential positions, undergoes varying degrees of determination corresponding to those very positions—positions shaped by action, motion, and ontological-identity stratification. Therefore, definitions such as "rational animal" (ḥayawān-e nāṭiq) hold no real adequacy in this philosophical context. Based on the spectrum model of existence, the human is a diverse and fluid entity traversing levels of being. The central question of this study, grounded in the principles of asālat al-wujūd and tashkīk al-wujūd, is: What is the spectrum-based human, and how can the abstraction of human diversity be explained on the basis of these foundations? This research adopts a descriptive-analytical method and seeks, within the framework of Transcendent Philosophy, to philosophically articulate the theory of the spectrum-based human. In this context, it is shown how the principles of the primacy and gradation of existence enable a novel formulation of the human being as a spectrumal entity in Ṣadrian anthropology. For the purpose of enhancing conceptual clarity, the study employs conceptual models, propositions, and symbols from mathematical logic.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Islamic Philosophical Doctrines

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 02 August 2025

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