Document Type : Research
Authors
1
Master's in Islamic Philosophy, Department of Islamic Philosophy, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Philosophy, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
3
Professor, Department of Quranic Sciences and Hadith, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; lecturer of Advanced Level, Khorasan Seminary, Mashhad, Iran.
Abstract
The manner of the creation and administration of the universe by God Almighty is an issue whose full dimensions cannot be comprehended by humans. However, by utilizing reason and with the aid of narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt (pbut), humans can, to the extent of their capacity, understand a significant portion of these hidden aspects. As narrated from the Imams; Imam al-Bāqir and Imam al-Ṣādiq (pbut) in some narrations concerning the creation, management of the cosmos, and the ordainment of beings: "Nothing occurs on the earth or in the heavens except through these seven attributes (al-khiṣāl al-sabʾ): by Will (mashīʿah), Intention (irādah), Measure (qadar), Decree (qaḍāʾ), Permission (idḥn), Record (kitāb), and Term (ajal). Whoever claims to be able to invalidate even one of them has indeed committed disbelief." This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, while examining the chain of transmission and the signification of the mentioned hadith, elucidates the seven degrees (attributes) and their relationship with one another. The findings indicate that these degrees exist in a vertical hierarchy, and no action in the universe is realized outside this system. By emphasizing the sovereignty of this system over all actions, this hadith refutes the Mu'tazilite doctrine of delegation (tafwīḍ), which claims human independence in their own actions. Comprehending this precise system, in addition to explaining the manner of creation and administration of the universe, also clarifies the position of human free will within the cosmic order.
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