نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار، گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشکدۀ الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
Equity (inṣāf) is one of the most frequent words in human discourse and a fundamental philosophical, legal, and ethical concept. Despite extensive inquiry by scholars across various disciplines, certain aspects of equity remain ambiguous or insufficiently articulated. Relying on library-based sources and employing a qualitative content analysis of narrations, the present study seeks to address a central question in moral philosophy: What is the origin of equity? By clarifying this issue, the study aims to contribute to the realization of equity and its positive consequences—such as human felicity and individual and social excellence—as well as to promoting meritocracy in selection and appointment processes, removing cognitive ambiguities, and preventing erroneous judgments. From the apparent meaning of some narrations concerning the origin of equity, two answers are inferred: religious law (sharʿ) or reason (ʿaql). However, a comprehensive examination of the corpus of narrations, together with the application of principles for resolving apparent contradictions—such as the type of indication and the reciprocal relationship between reason and religious law—demonstrates that equity is among the highest inner, justice-oriented moral virtues rooted in reason, with faith serving as one of its most significant motivating forces. Moreover, references by certain thinkers to the rational necessity of equity, along with the fact that many factors motivating equity—such as aversion to wrongdoing, benevolence, and magnanimity —as well as those inhibiting it—such as anger, baseness, and incapacity—originate from reason, further reinforce this conclusion. Therefore, in the realm of Islamic ethics, equity is affirmative (imḍāʾī) rather than foundational (taʾsīsī); it is not exclusive to religious people, and non-religious individuals can also be equitable.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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