نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشآموختۀ دکتری فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، گروه فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشکدۀ الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 استاد، گروه فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشکدۀ الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Perfectionism is one of the enduring traditions in the history of philosophy, the earliest evidence of which can be observed in ancient Greece. This broad philosophical tradition has continued into modern philosophical schools, and Islamic philosophy is no exception. Perfectionism considers the perfection of the soul (istikmāl al-nafs) to be the ultimate goal of philosophy and regards philosophy as a path for humans to attain their ultimate happiness (saʾādah). Given the neglect of this aspect in research on the history of Islamic philosophy, the present article seeks to investigate this main question: what meaning and implications does happiness have from the perspectives of al-Kindi, Zakariya al-Razi, and al-Farabi? A subsidiary question addressed in this study asks what fate befalls the soul if it fails to attain its ultimate felicity according to these thinkers. These three are counted among the first philosophers of the Islamic world and, despite significant differences among themselves, share the common characteristic of not having been influenced by the Avicennan (Ibn Sina) current. The authors' assumption is that felicity (nikbakhtī) and wretchedness (shaqāwat) from the perspectives of the three philosophers in question are ultimately realized in the afterlife. However, due to differences in their foundational principles, these philosophers have serious and profound differences concerning happiness and wretchedness. Utilizing critical and descriptive analytical methods, the present article has shown that these philosophers hold diverse views both regarding the meaning of happiness and concerning the implications of failing to attain it.
کلیدواژهها [English]