نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه فلسفه، مؤسسه آموزش عالی آل طه، تهران، ایران
2 دانشآموخته سطح چهار حوزه علمیه قم
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Avicenna and Mulla Sadra both present a coherent program of ascetic practice that appears to pursue similar aims; however, beneath these apparent similarities lies a fundamental difference.
With an analytical–comparative approach, this paper first examines the five foundational anthropological principles of the two philosophers and then demonstrates how these distinctions affect the definition of the soul’s illness and the prescription for its cure.
The findings indicate that in Avicennian philosophy, the soul is a fixed substance that employs the body as a temporary instrument, and the soul’s levels are accidental states of this substance. Thus, illness of the soul is the dominance of bodily faculties over this immutable essence.
From Mulla Sadra’s perspective, however, the soul is the product of the substantial motion (al-harakah al-jawhariyyah) of matter and is in a state of continual becoming. The body is the origin of its formation, and the levels of the soul correspond to its degrees of existence. Therefore, illness signifies the soul’s intensification within the lower degrees of being.
This fundamental difference leads the threefold aims of asceticism in Transcendent Philosophy (al-Hikmah al-Muta‘āliyah) to acquire an ontological reinterpretation—transforming asceticism from a merely purificatory discipline into an instrument for substantial perfection.
For Avicenna, asceticism is a psychological process aimed at purifying the fixed essence of the soul; for Mulla Sadra, it is an ontological and existential movement toward the flourishing and intensification of the soul on its path to union with the Intellect and the realm of sanctity.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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