Islamic Philosophical Doctrines

The moral threshold is regarded as the limit of true happiness. The aim of this research is to conclude this threshold from the statements of Shahīd Moṭahharī, considering the nature ... Read More

Research

Blaming Sabziwārī Under the Veil of Sabziwārī Studies

Muḥammad Riḍā ʾIrshādī-Nīyā

Volume 18, Issue 32 , June 2023, Pages 27-50

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2023.5422.1460

Abstract

A In a collection of articles titled “Sabziwārī Studies,” published by Iranian Book and Literature Home with the claim of introducing the opinions and works of Ḥakīm ... Read More

Reveiw Article

A Comparative Study of the Extent of Semantic Implications of Cosmological Arguments and the Proof of Ontological Argument (Burhān-i Ṣiddiqīn)

ʿAlī ʾIftikhārī; Muḥammad Rasūl Malikī; Muḥammad Keywānfar

Volume 18, Issue 32 , June 2023, Pages 51-71

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2024.5590.1474

Abstract

Undoubtedly, the question of proving the existence and attributes of God has consistently been a central concern for philosophers and theologians. Consequently, numerous arguments, ... Read More

Research

Explaining the Dignity of Humanity Based on the Anthropology of Muslim Philosophers

Sayyid ʿAbd al-Ra’ūf Afḍalī

Volume 18, Issue 32 , June 2023, Pages 73-93

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2024.5815.1498

Abstract

There is no doubt that humans are beings of dignity; however, there is disagreement about what dignity is and what its origin is. Some have referred to individuals’ social status ... Read More

Research

A Critical Reevaluation of the Nature of Islamic Philosophy From the Perspectives of ʿAllāma Ṭabāṭabāʾī and ʾĀyatu llāh Jawādī Āmulī

Fardīn Jamshīdī-Mihr; Amīr Rāstīn Turuqī

Volume 18, Issue 32 , June 2023, Pages 95-117

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2024.5888.1505

Abstract

ʿAllāma Ṭabāṭabāʾī (Arabic: عَلَّامَة طَبَاطَبَائِی) categorizes philosophy into Divine and non-Divine branches, with Divine philosophy further divided ... Read More

Research

A Comparison of the Metaphysical Egoism of ʿAllāma Ṭabāṭabāʾī With Egoistic Theories in Ethics

Ḥamīd Ḥassanī; Donyā Ḥamīdī

Volume 18, Issue 32 , June 2023, Pages 119-143

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2024.5734.1491

Abstract

The discussion of egoism versus altruism, or benevolence, is a significant topic in contemporary ethical philosophy. Egoism is categorized into psychological egoism and ethical egoism. ... Read More

Reveiw Article

Analysis of the Divine Will in Islamic Philosophy in Correspondence to the Voluntary Actions of the Human Soul

Ibrāhīm Rustamī; Sayyid ʾAbū al-Qāsim Ḥusaynī Zaydī

Volume 18, Issue 32 , June 2023, Pages 145-168

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2024.5345.1454

Abstract

Although the essence of will, as one of the most significant existential perfections of the Almighty (Truth, The), is an established and undeniable fact, there are differences of opinion ... Read More Although the essence of will, as one of the most significant existential perfections of the Almighty (Truth, The), is an established and undeniable fact, there are differences of opinion among Muslim philosophers regarding its nature, how it is attributed, and its characteristics, such as whether it is intrinsic or actual. Some philosophers, by attributing “will” to Divine knowledge, regard it as one of the essential attributes, equating it with the knowledge of the most perfect order (system). In contrast, others, referring to transmitted texts, classify “will” as one of the attributes of the actions of the Almighty. Finally, some believe that the “will” has levels and has both essential and actual levels. In the aḥādīth (Arabic: أحادیث, singular: ḥadīth, meaning traditions and narrations, Arabic: رِوایات, romanized: riwayāt), some of the meanings of the “will” have been proven to God and some of its meanings have been denied by the Almighty. The research question is whether a clear and acceptable explanation of the will of the Almighty can be presented by analyzing the voluntary actions of humans, which are among the closest and most significant means of understanding the essence and attributes of God. We have concluded through an analytical approach in response to this question, that some voluntary actions of humans are mediated and indicative of deficiency, and the traditions negating “will” pertain to this type of “will” in relation to God. Conversely, some actions of the soul (self) are unmediated and indicative of perfection. Based on this understanding, we can argue for the intrinsic (essential) will of God as the Divine desire that corresponds to the knowledge of the most perfect order (system), which is the origin of the emanation of the universe. Furthermore, the actual will of God is identical to the objective essence of things, and things, in their very known nature, correspond to the divine intention.

Research

The Convergence of the Formation of Intuitive Knowledge in Mullā Ṣadrā’s Philosophy and Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī & Tafsīr al-Mīzān

Maʿṣūma al-Sādāt Sārī-ʿĀrifī; ʿAlī-Riḍā Kuhansāl

Volume 18, Issue 32 , June 2023, Pages 169-193

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2024.5608.1478

Abstract

This research, using a descriptive-analytical approach, explains the factors leading to intuitive certainty (Arabic: یَقینُ الْحُضوری, lit.: certainty by vision) from ... Read More This research, using a descriptive-analytical approach, explains the factors leading to intuitive certainty (Arabic: یَقینُ الْحُضوری, lit.: certainty by vision) from the perspective of Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophy and the tafsīrs (Arabic: تَفاسیر, romanized: tafāsīr) al-Ṣāfī (Arabic: الْصَّافِی ) and al-Mīzān (Arabic: اَلْمیزان). The aim of this article is to examine the extent to which Ṣadrā’s philosophy aligns with the interpretations of his commentators in the factors leading to intuitive certainty, and the applicability of this perspective in the exegesis of the Qurʾān. Ultimately, it is revealed that the tafāsīr (plural form of tafsīr, Arabic: تَفْسیر), in analyzing the factors of intuitive certainty, consider three domains: the relationship of intuitive knowledge (Arabic: عِلْمُ الْحُضوری, lit.: knowledge by presence or presential knowledge) with the knower and the known, the knower, and the agent of knowledge (Arabic: اَلْعِلْم, romanized: al-ʿilm). Although they use Ṣadrian principles such as the primacy (principle) of existence (Arabic: أصَالةُ الْوُجُود), gradation (Arabic: تَشْکیک), and substantial motion, this application generally remains at the foundational level. In other words, the tafāsīr content themselves with comprehensive of the relationship of the knower to the known and the moral and behavioral journey of the knower in receiving the investment of intuitive certainty from its origins. They do not address other aspects of the relationship that create certainty in relation to the knower, nor do they delve into the gradation in existence and substantial motion in analyzing (tautologous) the knower, its source, and its relation to the factor of knowledge. Therefore, despite their emphasis on using rational foundations, tafāsīr do not apply these principles in all levels of analyzing intuitive certainty. Thus, the philosophical approach to analyzing intuitive certainty is merely one method among others, without predominance, in these two Mullā Ṣadrā’s commentators’ interpretations.

Research

A Comparative Study of Beauty and its Relation to Pleasure and Goodness in the Philosophy of Plotinus and Avicenna

Muḥammūd Ṣeydiī; Ḥusayn Zamānīhā

Volume 18, Issue 32 , June 2023, Pages 195-214

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2024.5723.1489

Abstract

The truth and nature of beauty, as a secondary intelligible (Arabic: مَعْقولُ الْثَّانی, romanized: maʿqūl al-thānī), have become a topic of discussion among philosophers. ... Read More

Research

The “Conscience of the Self” and Its Infallibility From the Perspectives of Muslim Philosophers

Maytham ʿAzīzīyān Muṣliḥ; Sayyid Murtaḍā Ḥusaynī Shāhroudī

Volume 18, Issue 32 , June 2023, Pages 215-236

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2024.5217.1443

Abstract

One of the examples of the intuitive knowledge (Arabic: عِلْمُ الْحُضوری, lit.: knowledge by presence or presential knowledge) is “self-consciousness”. There ... Read More

Reveiw Article

Validation and Analysis of the Ḥadīth “I Spend the Night With My Lord, and He Feeds and Drinks Me” (Arabic: أبیتُ عند ربّی یُطعِمُنی ویَسْقینی, Romanized: “Abītu ʿinda Rabbī yuṭʿimunī wa yasqīnī”)

Rāmīn Gulmakānī; Sayyid ʿAlī Dilbarī; Sayyid Wahhāb Taqavī

Volume 18, Issue 32 , June 2023, Pages 237-254

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2024.5408.1459

Abstract

Among the aḥādīth (Arabic: أحادیث, singular: ḥadīth, meaning traditions and narrations, Arabic: رِوایات, romanized: riwayāt), there are those attributed to the ... Read More Among the aḥādīth (Arabic: أحادیث, singular: ḥadīth, meaning traditions and narrations, Arabic: رِوایات, romanized: riwayāt), there are those attributed to the Prophet ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhī wa-ʾālihī wa-sallam and Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: أَهْل ٱلْبَیْت) ʿalayhim al-ṣalātu wal-salām that address doctrinal, philosophical, and mystical themes. These narrations have been cited in various forms across jurisprudential, narrative, exegetical, mystical, philosophical, theological, and ethical works. Among these is the narration “I spend the night with my Lord, and He feeds and drinks me” (Arabic: أبیتُ عند ربّی یُطعِمُنی ویَسْقینی, romanized: “Abītu ʿinda Rabbī yuṭʿimunī wa yasqīnī”). The research question is: What is meant by the status of “being near” (Arabic: عِندیَّة, romanized: ʿindīyya) and passing and spending the night with the Lord (Arabic: بَیْتوتَة, romanized: Baytūta), and the relation (object) of “eating and drinking” in the ḥadīth? This article employs a descriptive-analytical method to examine the authenticity, implications, and content of the mentioned ḥadīth. It clarifies that, based on rational and traditional evidence from credible narrations, this ḥadīth is rooted in rational principles and legal foundations, and is aligned with logical and consistent usages without the need for interpretation or hesitation. Although various opinions based on differing juridical interpretations have emerged, it can be concluded, in accordance with the principle of the spirit of meaning and the stipulation (position) of words to general meanings, that the ḥadīth conveys a profound mystical and philosophical understanding: that food and drink possess different material and spiritual levels. Whenever a person frees from worldly attachments and attains the Divine nearness (nearness to God) and “being near” (Arabic: عِندیَّة, romanized: ʿindīyya) to the Lord, their food and drink at that level become light and knowledge, rendering them independent of worldly sustenance.

Research

Recognizing the Position of the Existence Gradation on the Subject of Philosophy

Ghulām ʿAlī Muqaddam

Volume 18, Issue 32 , June 2023, Pages 255-278

https://doi.org/10.30513/ipd.2023.4813.1407

Abstract

The issues and questions of knowledge (Arabic: اَلْعِلْم, romanized: al-ʿilm) discuss the accidents (Arabic: عَوارِض) and rulings (aḥkām, Arabic: أحْکام “rulings”, ... Read More

Volume 20 (2025)

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Volume 18 (2023)

Volume 17 (2022)

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Volume 10 (2015)

Volume 9 (2014)

Volume 8 (2013)

Volume 7 (2012)

Volume 6 (2011)

Volume 5 (2010)

Volume 4 (2009)

Volume 3 (2008)

Volume 2 (2007)

Volume 1 (2006)

Volume & Issue: Volume 18, Issue 32, June 2023, Pages 1-280

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